Derek Slager: Channeling Ruby in C# 3.0

Saturday, October 21, 2006
Channeling Ruby in C# 3.0

I happened across a posting earlier today which contrasted Java and Ruby code snippets. The intent of the post (an enjoyable read, by the way) was to demonstrate the elegance of Ruby's simple, compact syntax, using the more verbose Java as a counter-example.

This post, on the other hand, attempts to use some of C#'s more recent features to demonstrate how static languages are closing the "elegance" gap (for lack of a better term) which the original poster demonstrated.

Extension Methods

The author opens with this example:
```
10.times { print "ho" }
```
The author of the post implies that this is possible because Ruby treats 10 as an object, while Java does not. The same is true in C# (integers do not inherit from Object, and are "primitive"); however, with the help of extension methods in C# 3.0 I can very closely emulate Ruby's syntax:
```
10.Times(i => Console.Write("ho"));
```
The integer here is never boxed -- this is just syntactic sugar for explicitly calling the extension method with an explicit argument. Here's the entire source of the extension method:
```
public static void Times(this int value, Action<int> action) {
    for (int i = 0; i < value; i++) {
        action(i);
    }
}
```
The extension method syntax is a C# 3.0 specific feature, but is callable from .NET 2.0 code (and in fact, runs on the 2.0 CLR) using the more explicit syntax:
```
RubyishExtensions.Times(10, delegate(int) {
    Console.Write("ho");
});
```
The author lists several other examples which are easily replicated using C# 3.0 extension methods. Looking for an odd number?
```
if 11.odd? print "Odd!"
```
In C# 3.0:
```
if (11.Odd()) Console.Write("Odd!");
```
The relevant extension method:
```
public static bool Odd(this int value) {
    return value % 2 != 0;
}
```
Counting bytes?
```
102.megabytes + 24.kbytes + 10.bytes
```
In C# 3.0:
```
102.Megabytes() + 24.Kilobytes() + 10.Bytes();
```
Three very simple extension methods help here:
```
public static int Megabytes(this int value) {
    return value * 1024 * 1024;
}

public static int Kilobytes(this int value) {
    return value * 1024;
}

public static int Bytes(this int value) {
    return value;
}
```
How about ordinalizing a number?
```
print "Currently in the #{2.ordinalize} trimester"
```
Again, in C# 3.0:
```
Console.Write("Currently in the {0} trimester",
              2.Ordinalize());
```
This extension method is a little longer -- but, like all extension methods, it's reusable:
```
public static string Ordinalize(this int value) {

    string ordinalized;

    if ((value % 100).Between(11, 13)) {
        ordinalized = "th";
    } else {
        switch (value % 10) {
        case 1:
            ordinalized = "st"; break;
        case 2:
            ordinalized = "nd"; break;
        case 3:
            ordinalized = "rd"; break;
        default:
            ordinalized = "th"; break;
        }
    }

    return value + ordinalized;
}

public static bool Between(this int value, int min, int max) {
    return value >= min && value <= max;
}
```
Our extension method fun ends with a few date examples:
```
puts "Running time: #{1.hour + 15.minutes + 10.seconds} seconds"
20.minutes.ago
20.minutes.until("2006-10-9 11:00:00".to_time)
```
In C# 3.0:
```
Console.Write("Running time: {0} seconds",
              (1.Hours() + 15.Minutes() + 10.Seconds()).TotalSeconds);
20.Minutes().Ago();
20.Minutes().Until(DateTime.Parse("2006-10-9 11:00:00"));
```
Predictably, it's extension methods to the rescue again:
```
public static TimeSpan Hours(this int value) {
    return TimeSpan.FromHours(value);
}

public static TimeSpan Minutes(this int value) {
    return TimeSpan.FromMinutes(value);
}

public static TimeSpan Seconds(this int value) {
    return TimeSpan.FromSeconds(value);
}

public static DateTime Ago(this TimeSpan timeSpan) {
    return DateTime.Now - timeSpan;
}

public static DateTime Until(this TimeSpan timeSpan,
                             DateTime target) {
    return target - timeSpan;
}
```
Properties

The next example demonstrates a feature of Ruby's syntax which I cannot emulate -- its tight property syntax:
```
class Circle
  attr_accessor :center, :radius
end
```
C# is a bit lighter than Java, but it's more finger effort here:
```
class Circle {
    private Point center;
    private float radius;
    public Point Center {
        get { return this.center; }
        set { this.center = value; }
    }
    public float Radius {
        get { return this.radius; }
        set { this.radius = value; }
    }
}
```
Collections

The next section of the post contrasts the collection syntax ... the author argues in favor of Ruby on a number of points here, none of which I wholeheartedly agree on (I prefer to be explicit with collection choice and usage).

Initializer syntax is singled out for non-array types (fairly). This is another problem nicely solved in C# 3.0 by way of collection initializers. The following snippets both result in a strongly typed int array of 3 numbers, with the second array coming by way of a generic collection:
```
new int[] { 1, 2, 3 };
new List<int> { 1, 2, 3 }.ToArray();
```
The author next argues for a more complete collection of methods on various collections, including dynamic array growth. Some of this could be accomplished with further extension methods, but I personally feel that Push and Pop belong on Stack, not Array, so I'm not going to bother implementing those.

In terms of dynamic array growth, that is handled quite nicely by collection classes which are optimized for that case (List<T> et al). Array-like syntax is supported (as it has been since C# 1.0), but my personal preference is to call an Add method when I want to add something.

File I/O and Regular Expressions

The last language-level feature the author contrasts is parsing sentences containing the work "Ruby" from a text file:
```
File.read('test.txt').scan(/.*?\. /).each {
    |s| puts s if s =~ /Ruby/
}
```
This is compact, to be sure, but we don't need any C# 3.0 tricks to get close:
```
using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader("test.txt")) {
    foreach (Match match in Regex.Matches(reader.ReadToEnd(), @"(.*?\.)\s+?")) {
        if (match.Value.Contains("Ruby")) {
            Console.WriteLine(match.Value);
        }
    }
}
```
Summary

The point of this post was not to imply that C# is better than Ruby, or Java for that matter. I simply wanted to point out that brevity and elegance are not the exclusive domain of dynamic languages. "Syntactic sugar" can go a long ways, without requiring fundamental changes to a language or its runtime. C# 3.0 is a particularly relevant example, given that it runs atop the 2.0 CLR despite all of its syntactic sugar.

If you're interested in toying around with the examples cited in the program listings above, I've attached the sample code to this post. To use it, install the LINQ CTP and run MSBuild from a command prompt.

Attachments
- Rubyish.zip
12 CommentsPosted at 4:48 AM to Categories: C# .NET

Comments

Friday, January 05, 2007 12:34:10 AM by Paul Looijmans
re:properties: C# 3.0 will have a new feature called automatic properties, see:

http://community.bartdesmet.net/blogs/bart/archive/2006/11/08/C_2300_-Automatic-Properties.aspx

I don't think it's in the current CTP yet though. Let's hope they include it in the January CTP that should be released any day now.
Monday, March 05, 2007 7:57:12 PM by Alex James
Another source of enlightenment is Derek Slager....
Tuesday, March 06, 2007 3:31:23 PM by Daniel
The equivalent of file.read() is File.ReadAllText(), no need to use a StreamReader.
Friday, May 25, 2007 2:11:03 AM by Haacked
Very cool! I'm sure these methods will go in many a developer's utilities class library.
Tuesday, September 11, 2007 10:46:28 PM by Jim
Very nice article. I can see someone rolling a ton of methods like these up into a utility class library. It might be a good open-source project for codeplex once C# 3.0 gets out of beta.
Friday, September 28, 2007 8:30:26 PM by Georges Benatti Jr
For more expressiviness in the staticaly typed word, look at Boo, http://boo.codehaus.org

It supports extensions, regex with ruby sintax, a match operator ~=,closures, has [property] and [getter] atributes... and other features... all running on top of the CLR, so, compatible with C#, VB...
Tuesday, December 04, 2007 4:26:06 AM by portrait painting
Thanks for sharing this to us. This is our lesson at school this week and our professor seems to be explaining stuff in a very complicated way. Perhaps I can share this to our class and see if my Professor has something to say.
Sunday, March 16, 2008 10:26:09 PM by Pete
Re. a feature of Ruby's syntax which I cannot emulate -- its tight property syntax:

class Circle
attr_accessor :center, :radius
end

C# 3.0 has automatic properties to do just this.

class Circle
{
public int Centre { get; set; }
public int Radius { get; set; }
}
Friday, March 21, 2008 11:26:15 PM by Ryan Garaygay
Very insightful post. This should go into utilities class libraries indeed.
Thursday, July 31, 2008 9:14:45 AM by Erik
File.ReadAllText("test.txt").
Scan(@"(.*?\.)").
Where(s => s.Contains("Ruby")).
Each(s => MessageBox.Show(s));
Wednesday, August 20, 2008 1:19:04 PM by alejandro varela (rosario)
smells like ruby spirit!
Friday, May 22, 2009 5:48:41 PM by Brian
I would like to add that int does infact inherit from System.Object in .NET. The inheritance tree, in reverse, is
System.Int32 -> System.ValueType -> System.Object